\u201cHi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmayan insanlar sayesinde k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu c\u00fcmleyi Hannah Arendt s\u00f6ylememi\u015f olabilir, ama onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n derinliklerinde bu fikir yank\u0131lan\u0131r. Arendt\u2019e g\u00f6re adaletin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc\u2019 niyetli insanlar de\u011fil, sessiz kalanlard\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcp de ses \u00e7\u0131karmayanlar. Bilip de unutmay\u0131 se\u00e7enler. K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131radanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tam da buradad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 politik filozoflar\u0131ndan biri olan Hannah Arendt, adalet kavram\u0131n\u0131 totalitarizmin, b\u00fcrokrasinin ve bireysel sorumlulu\u011fun i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bir zeminde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Ona g\u00f6re adalet, sadece kanunla tan\u0131mlanamaz; vicdanla da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc baz\u0131 yasalar adil de\u011fildir. Hatta bazen yasal olan, en b\u00fcy\u00fck adaletsizli\u011fin arac\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Arendt, 1961\u2019de, Nazi subay\u0131 Adolf Eichmann\u2019\u0131n Kud\u00fcs\u2019teki davas\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in gazeteci olarak mahkemeye gitti\u011finde, tarihe ge\u00e7ecek bir kavram geli\u015ftirdi: \u201cK\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131radanl\u0131\u011f\u0131.\u201d Eichmann, y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan lojistik kararlar\u0131 alan ki\u015fiydi. Ama mahkemede kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015fi, \u015feytani bir cani de\u011fil; s\u0131radan, gri, itaatk\u00e2r bir memur g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndeydi. Ne nefret doluydu, ne de su\u00e7luluk hissediyordu. \u201cBen sadece emirleri uygulad\u0131m,\u201d diyordu.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada Arendt\u2019in zihni sars\u0131ld\u0131: E\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck bu kadar s\u0131radan olabiliyorsa, adaletin savunuculu\u011fu da bu kadar s\u0131radan insanlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc as\u0131l mesele, adaletin ne oldu\u011funu bilmek de\u011fil; onu g\u00fcndelik hayatta nas\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, onu korumak i\u00e7in ne zaman ses \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Arendt\u2019in bu fikri, yaln\u0131zca tarihsel bir an\u0131ya de\u011fil, \u00e7ok canl\u0131 bir ger\u00e7e\u011fe dokunuyor. Sessizlik, h\u00e2l\u00e2 en b\u00fcy\u00fck adaletsizliklerin orta\u011f\u0131. B\u00fcrokrasi h\u00e2l\u00e2 insan\u0131 mekanikle\u015fmeye zorluyor. Ve bir\u00e7ok insan h\u00e2l\u00e2, \u201cbu benim sorumlulu\u011fum de\u011fil\u201d diyerek i\u00e7inden gelen sesi bast\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Peki Arendt bize ne \u00f6neriyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n Birincisi: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn. Otomatik tepkilerle de\u011fil, sorgulayarak ya\u015fa.<\/strong><\/p>\n Arendt\u2019in felsefesinin merkezinde, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi bir etik eylem olarak g\u00f6rmek yatar. Ona g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek sadece bilgi edinmek de\u011fil; olaylar\u0131, kararlar\u0131 ve sorumluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7sel bir s\u00fczge\u00e7ten ge\u00e7irmektir.<\/p>\n Eichmann gibi \u201cemirleri yerine getirdi\u011fini\u201d s\u00f6yleyenlerin as\u0131l su\u00e7u, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemi\u015f olmalar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Arendt\u2019in ifadesiyle, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyen bir zihin, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn en kolay arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn, h\u0131zla akan bir \u00e7a\u011fda ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. G\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n i\u00e7inde bize sunulan yarg\u0131lar, y\u00f6nlendirmeler, sloganlar… T\u00fcm bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cBir dakika. Bu ger\u00e7ekten do\u011fru mu?\u201d diyebilmek etik cesaretin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, gecikmeyi g\u00f6ze almakt\u0131r. Sorgulamak, rahat konforu terk etmektir.<\/p>\n Adaletin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, genellikle kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n durdu\u011fu yerdir \u2014 ama sen orada durmayabilirsin.<\/p>\n \u0130kincisi: Hat\u0131rla. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fle y\u00fczle\u015fmeden adalet kurulmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ge\u00e7mi\u015fle y\u00fczle\u015fmeden adalet kurulmaz.<\/p>\n Arendt\u2019in politik felsefesi, toplumsal haf\u0131zan\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgular. Ona g\u00f6re ge\u00e7mi\u015f, sadece ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kalmaz; hat\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 hatalar yeniden \u00fcretilir.<\/p>\n Toplumlar\u0131n adaletsizlikleri, e\u011fer unutulursa, bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa ya da ink\u00e2r edilirse, daha derin travmalar yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bireysel d\u00fczlemde de ayn\u0131 \u015fey ge\u00e7erlidir. \u0130\u00e7imizde bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, g\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fimiz haks\u0131zl\u0131k an\u0131lar\u0131, gelecekteki kararlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u015fekillendirir.<\/p>\n Hat\u0131rlamak, bazen ac\u0131 verir \u2014 ama unutmak, sorumluluktan ka\u00e7makt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Arendt bize \u201cunutma\u201dn\u0131n sadece bir zihinsel eksiklik de\u011fil, ahlaki bir problem oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc unutulan haks\u0131zl\u0131klar, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yeniden ya\u015fan\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc: Konu\u015f. En s\u0131radan anlarda bile etik bir duru\u015f g\u00f6stermek, adaletin ilk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n En s\u0131radan anlarda bile etik bir duru\u015f g\u00f6stermek, adaletin ilk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sessizlik, Arendt\u2019in felsefesinde en tehlikeli onay bi\u00e7imidir. Haks\u0131zl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda susmak, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman su\u00e7a ortak olmak demektir. O, en \u00e7ok da \u201chi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131m\u201d diyenlerden korkar.<\/p>\n Ancak Arendt, konu\u015fmay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcksek sesle protesto etmek olarak g\u00f6rmez. Konu\u015fmak; adil olmayan bir karar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cben bu karar\u0131 desteklemiyorum\u201d demek, birinin d\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda onun yan\u0131nda oturmak, toplumsal normlara ters gelse bile do\u011fru bildi\u011fini ifade etmek demektir.<\/p>\n Herkesin sustu\u011fu bir yerde, etik bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemek radikal bir eylemdir.<\/p>\n Adalet, b\u00fcy\u00fck mahkemelerde de\u011fil; g\u00fcndelik hayattaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck cesaretlerde do\u011far.Toplu ta\u015f\u0131mada, okulda, sokakta, dijital alanda… Ve her birimiz, fark etmeden bu d\u00fczenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131y\u0131z. Hannah Arendt\u2019in bize b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli miras da belki budur:<\/p>\n \u201cHi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmamak, her \u015feyi onaylamakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n O y\u00fczden bazen tek bir c\u00fcmle yeter: \u201cBu do\u011fru de\u011fil.\u201d<\/p>\n Ve i\u015fte orada, adalet ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n Arendt\u2019in bu \u00fc\u00e7 ilkesini ya\u015famak, bir felsefi sistem kurmak de\u011fil; bir ya\u015fam tavr\u0131 geli\u015ftirmektir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek ya\u015famak, hat\u0131rlayarak direnmek, konu\u015farak var olmak\u2026<\/p>\n Adalet b\u00f6yle ba\u015flar: \u0130\u00e7eride. Sessiz, ama kararl\u0131 bir yerden.<\/p>\n Hannah Arendt (1906\u20131975)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyen insan, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn en kolay arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n 20.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en etkili politik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden biri olan Hannah Arendt, adalet, totalitarizm, sorumluluk ve etik\u00fczerine geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcn fikirlerle felsefe tarihine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n 1906\u2019da Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Linden kentinde Yahudi bir ailede do\u011fdu. Heidelberg \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde felsefe e\u011fitimi ald\u0131; Martin Heidegger ve Karl Jaspers gibi isimlerden dersler ald\u0131. Ancak Arendt, hocas\u0131 Heidegger\u2019den farkl\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi, akademik bir al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma de\u011fil, etik bir zorunluluk olarak ele ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Nazizmin y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle birlikte Almanya\u2019dan ka\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131. Fransa\u2019da bir s\u00fcre ya\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra 1941\u2019de ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etti ve burada hem yazarl\u0131k hem de \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeli\u011fi yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n En \u00e7ok ses getiren eserlerinden biri olan \u201cEichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil\u201d (1963), Nazilerin \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm makinelerinden\u201d biri olan Adolf Eichmann\u2019\u0131n Kud\u00fcs\u2019teki duru\u015fmas\u0131na dair g\u00f6zlemlerini i\u00e7erir. Bu kitapla birlikte \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131radanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarak, ahlaki sorumlulu\u011fun boyutunu derinle\u015ftirdi. Ona g\u00f6re, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bilin\u00e7li caniler taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi b\u0131rakan s\u0131radan insanlar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n Arendt\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde adalet; yaln\u0131zca yasalarla de\u011fil, bireyin vicdan\u0131, haf\u0131zas\u0131 ve cesaretiyle kurulur. Ona g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, hat\u0131rlamak ve konu\u015fmak, sadece felsefi eylemler de\u011fil; adil bir d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in ahlaki gerekliliklerdir.<\/p>\n 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda New York\u2019ta hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Ard\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikirler, bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 hem akademide hem toplumsal vicdanda yank\u0131lan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130nsan\u0131 insan yapan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor olmas\u0131 de\u011fil; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece insan kalabilmesidir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n \u2014 Hannah Arendt<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u201cHi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmayan insanlar sayesinde k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcr.\u201d Bu c\u00fcmleyi Hannah Arendt s\u00f6ylememi\u015f olabilir, ama onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n derinliklerinde bu fikir yank\u0131lan\u0131r. Arendt\u2019e g\u00f6re adaletin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc\u2019 niyetli insanlar de\u011fil, sessiz kalanlard\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcp de ses \u00e7\u0131karmayanlar. Bilip de unutmay\u0131 se\u00e7enler. K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131radanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tam da buradad\u0131r. 20.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 politik filozoflar\u0131ndan biri olan Hannah Arendt, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":52500,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","jnews_video_option_group":[[]],"override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"singlepost-widget","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"float","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_comment_section":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"no-crop","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trend","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsorlu","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":"Hannah Arendt\u2019le Adalet \u00dczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":{"override_bookmark_button":"0","override_show_bookmark_button":"0"},"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_paywall_metabox":{"enable_premium_post":"0","paragraph_limit":"2","enable_preview_post":"0","enable_preview_video":"0","enable_free_post":"0","override_paragraph_limit":"0"},"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"jnews_podcast_option":[],"jnews_podcast_series":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,212,632],"tags":[879,1199,2322,2323],"jnews-series":[],"class_list":["post-52464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kendimle-olan-iliskim","category-sosyal-iliskilerim","category-toplumla-olan-iliskilerim","tag-adalet","tag-gecmis","tag-sessizlik","tag-yuzlesme"],"yoast_head":"\n